I won’t say “I can not believe that you call him philosopher” because that will bring difficulties in understanding the meaning of “belief”.
But I can say “Oh, my God!” and that will change nothing.

I don’t like seriousness and in support of my statement I’ll say - it sucks.

Now imagine that I’m the serious Bertrand Russel and I say: “human beings may have an explicit “belief ” that the shade is pleasanter”, which will make you BELIEVE that this is the truth about belief.
Now, that sucks.
Because your belief will be put on Russell’s authority in philosophy and that will prove Russell wrong in his understanding about “belief”.

Do you understand what I’m saying?

Well, let me explain myself.

Belief has very little to do with behavior and your belief that Russell is right is not behavior.
Then what is it?
It is a strong positive position in your uncertainty.
You believe that Russell is an authority to trust and that position is the most likely to be true in your uncertainty.
Unfortunately the belief does not always reflects the truth.

But let us start with the Knowledge before explaining the Belief.

What “knowledge” is?

There are few types of knowledge.

BASIC KNOWLEDGE

It is the knowledge collected in experience.
I can give you an information about the taste of unknown fruit, but that would be only information.
The knowledge will come with the experience - taste the fruit and know the taste.

We can actually say that basic knowledge comes in observation.
The understanding that “observation” can be done only with eyes is wrong.
Since the eyes are one of the five senses we can say that we also observe with the rest of the senses.

So, everything that can be observed and is observed is bringing basic knowledge in us.

INFORMATIVE KNOWLEDGE

As I previously said one can give you an information about certain object or its properties.
That wouldn’t be knowledge but only information.
If the same information is given by great number of observers provided that evidences are included and verified by authority we conclude that the information reflects the truth and we assign it as knowledge.
One does not need to personally observe the existence of London in order to have the knowledge about London’s existence.

LOGICAL KNOWLEDGE

A is greater than B.
C is greater than A.
Therefore C is greater than B.
That is certain knowledge based on information and derived from logic.

That is all about KNOWLEDGE.
Isn’t it simple?

What BELIEF is?

I already said - Belief is strong positive position in your uncertainty.

Belief arises in few different ways.

BELIEF based on TRUST

I trust Jim because he has proved that he is always truthful.
I don’t know how many balls are in the box, but if Jim says that there are five balls I believe that there are five balls in the box.

BELIEF based on LOGIC

I don’t know the taste of this fruit.
As far as I know, fruits are never salty.
I believe that this fruit is not salty.

BELIEF based on PERSONAL PREFERENCES

“I like sex and I belief that sex is good for the mental health.”
“I don’t like pork and I believe that pork is bad for the health.”

In all beliefs there is no certainty (knowledge), but strong positive position over one of all the possibilities.

BELIEF is not GUESS

Guessing does not take strong position.
Guessing is a a random choice from possibilities with equal (or close to equal) chances.

BEHAVIOR BASED ON KNOWLEDGE

Human behavior is based mainly on knowledge.

Russell sucks by saying:

human beings may have an explicit “belief ” that the shade is pleasanter, but animals equally seek the shade. It would seem, therefore, that belief, if it is not a mere characteristic of behavior, is causally unimportant.

Nonsense!

People and animals KNOW from experience that the shade is pleasanter.
It is not belief and it never was. It was always a knowledge.

Animals can not have a belief for the simple fact that they can not question uncertainty and take STRONG position in it.
They simply take a random choice if they don’t have knowledge as base for the choice.

Most of human’s decisions are based on type of knowledge.

BEHAVIOR BASED ON BELIEF

“Belief” doesn’t necessarily take a decision.
The belief that God exist does not necessarily leads to church, rules and acting in certain way.
That belief can simply be state of the mind (or the soul if you prefer so) which brings comfort in life with the idea for afterlife.

The belief that the unknown fruit is not salty does not make us taste the fruit.
It is the desire for knowledge which is tasting the fruit.

Of course acting out of belief is not unusual behavior and we can observe it in our everyday life.
Yet, one must be very conscious about the characteristics of behavior.
A dog knows (like I do) that the bell is sign for lunch.
But if the bell is in Russell’s hand it can be used as proof that dog can have unfulfilled belief.